Turkey & Africa: Building a New Security Alliance?
"Exploring evolving patterns in security relations and what they mean for the future of geopolitics"
In recent years, Turkey has dramatically increased its engagement with Africa, evolving from primarily economic and humanitarian efforts to a more pronounced security partnership. This shift marks a significant development in international relations, as Turkey seeks to redefine its role on the global stage and African nations look for new allies and sources of support.
Once maintaining a limited presence with only 12 diplomatic missions in Africa before 2009, Turkey now boasts 41, signaling its deepened commitment. Economic ties have also surged, from $5.4 billion in 2003 to nearly $20 billion in 2017. Beyond trade, Turkey has become a major provider of humanitarian aid and a key investor in various African economies.
This burgeoning relationship has expanded into the security realm, with Turkey signing military, security, and defense agreements with over 25 African countries. The establishment of Turkey's largest overseas military base in Somalia in 2017 underscores the growing strategic importance of this partnership. But what are the underlying drivers and potential consequences of this evolving alliance?
Why Turkey's Security Interests in Africa are on the Rise?
Several factors contribute to Turkey's increasing focus on security cooperation with Africa. Historically, Turkey maintained strategic relations, but under the AK Party governments, this engagement has intensified, encompassing both low and high politics. This includes not only economic and cultural exchanges, but also defense and military cooperation.
- Historical Ties: A legacy of cultural and political connections dating back to the Ottoman Empire provides a foundation for cooperation.
- Economic Opportunities: Africa's rich resources and growing markets offer potential for Turkish businesses and investment.
- Security Concerns: Shared interests in combating terrorism and piracy create avenues for collaboration.
- Geopolitical Ambitions: Turkey aims to project power and influence in a strategically important region.
What Does the Future Hold for Turkey-Africa Security Cooperation?
The evolving security partnership between Turkey and Africa presents both opportunities and challenges. For Turkey, it offers a chance to expand its influence, promote its defense industry, and secure access to vital resources. For African nations, it provides an alternative source of support, diversification away from traditional Western powers, and potential for economic and security development. However, questions remain about the long-term impact of this alliance. Will it contribute to stability and prosperity in Africa, or will it exacerbate existing tensions and create new dependencies? Only time will tell.