Protective shield surrounding a modern pig farm, symbolizing disease prevention and animal health.

PRRS in Pigs: What Farmers Need to Know About Prevention and Control

Kai Mendoza in Health & Wellness December 2025 • 4 min read.

"A Comprehensive Guide to Managing Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome"

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a costly and challenging disease affecting pig farms worldwide. Characterized by reproductive failures in sows and respiratory illness in young pigs, PRRS can lead to significant economic losses due to reduced productivity and increased mortality. Understanding the disease, its transmission, and effective control measures is crucial for maintaining a healthy and profitable pig farming operation.

This article will explore the key aspects of PRRS, drawing on the latest scientific assessments and providing actionable insights for farmers. We'll delve into the characteristics of the disease, how it spreads, and, most importantly, the strategies you can implement to prevent and control PRRS in your herd.

Whether you're a seasoned pig farmer or new to the industry, this guide offers a comprehensive overview of PRRS, equipping you with the knowledge to protect your pigs and your bottom line.

Understanding PRRS: Risks and Solutions for Pig Farmers

Protective shield surrounding a modern pig farm, symbolizing disease prevention and animal health.

PRRS is caused by a virus that attacks the pig's immune system, making them more susceptible to other infections. The impact of PRRS can vary depending on several factors, including the strain of the virus, the age of the pigs, and the presence of other pathogens. Here's a breakdown of key considerations:

Navigating PRRS requires a multifaceted approach. Key management strategies include:

Biosecurity Measures: Implementing strict biosecurity protocols is essential to prevent the introduction and spread of PRRSV. This includes controlling access to the farm, disinfecting vehicles and equipment, and providing clean clothing and boots for all personnel.
Vaccination Programs: Consult with your veterinarian to develop an appropriate vaccination program for your herd. Modified live vaccines (MLV) are commonly used, but it's crucial to select a vaccine that matches the prevailing genotype of PRRSV in your region. Consider that vaccine viruses may spread to other animals in the herd, with simultaneous herd vaccination and close biosecurity.
Herd Management: Implement all-in/all-out management strategies, where groups of pigs are moved through the production cycle together, and facilities are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected between groups. This helps to break the cycle of infection.
Diagnostic Testing: Regularly monitor your herd for PRRSV through diagnostic testing. This allows you to detect the virus early and implement control measures before it spreads widely. Common diagnostic tests include ELISA and RT-PCR.
Semen Management: Boars can shed PRRSV in their semen, so it's crucial to screen semen donors regularly and implement strict biosecurity measures at boar studs.

By understanding the risks associated with PRRS and implementing effective prevention and control measures, you can protect your pig herd from this costly disease and maintain a healthy and profitable farming operation. Work closely with your veterinarian to develop a customized plan that addresses the specific challenges of your farm.

Protecting Your Herd: The Future of PRRS Management

PRRS remains a significant threat to the pig farming industry, but ongoing research and improved management practices are offering new hope for prevention and control. Staying informed about the latest developments is key to protecting your herd and ensuring the long-term sustainability of your operation.

Consulting with veterinary experts, implementing strict biosecurity measures, and continuously monitoring your herd's health are vital steps in managing PRRS effectively. As research continues to uncover new insights into the virus and its transmission, farmers can look forward to even more effective tools and strategies in the fight against PRRS.

By taking proactive steps and staying informed, you can safeguard your pigs, improve their welfare, and secure the economic stability of your farm for years to come.

About this Article -

This article was crafted using a human-AI hybrid and collaborative approach. AI assisted our team with initial drafting, research insights, identifying key questions, and image generation. Our human editors guided topic selection, defined the angle, structured the content, ensured factual accuracy and relevance, refined the tone, and conducted thorough editing to deliver helpful, high-quality information.See our About page for more information.

This article is based on research published under:

DOI-LINK: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4950, Alternate LINK

Title: Assessment Of Listing And Categorisation Of Animal Diseases Within The Framework Of The Animal Health Law (Regulation (Eu) No 2016/429): Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis

Subject: Plant Science

Journal: EFSA Journal

Publisher: Wiley

Authors: Simon More, Anette Bøtner, Andrew Butterworth, Paolo Calistri, Klaus Depner, Sandra Edwards, Bruno Garin‐Bastuji, Margaret Good, Christian Gortázar Schmidt, Virginie Michel, Miguel Angel Miranda, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Mohan Raj, Liisa Sihvonen, Hans Spoolder, Jan Arend Stegeman, Hans‐Hermann Thulke, Antonio Velarde, Preben Willeberg, Christoph Winckler, Francesca Baldinelli, Alessandro Broglia, Sofie Dhollander, Beatriz Beltrán‐Beck, Lisa Kohnle, Joana Morgado, Dominique Bicout

Published: 2017-08-01

Everything You Need To Know

What exactly causes Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in pigs, and how does it impact them?

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome is caused by a virus that weakens the pig's immune system, making them more vulnerable to other infections. The severity of PRRS depends on factors such as the specific virus strain, the pigs' age, and the presence of other pathogens. This can result in reproductive failures in sows and respiratory illness in young pigs.

What are some practical steps farmers can take to prevent and control the spread of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in their pig herds?

Farmers can implement biosecurity measures to control access, disinfect vehicles and equipment, and provide clean clothing. Additionally, vaccination programs, herd management, diagnostic testing using ELISA and RT-PCR, and semen management are vital. All-in/all-out management strategies involve moving pig groups together and disinfecting facilities between groups.

Why is choosing the right vaccine so important when dealing with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, and what should farmers consider?

Modified live vaccines (MLV) are commonly used for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, but it's crucial to select a vaccine that matches the prevailing genotype of PRRSV in your region. It's important to remember that vaccine viruses may spread to other animals, so simultaneous herd vaccination needs tight biosecurity.

How does semen management play a role in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome control, and what specific steps should be taken?

Boars can shed PRRSV in their semen, making semen management critical. Regular screening of semen donors and implementing strict biosecurity measures at boar studs are necessary to prevent the spread of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome. This is why artificial insemination programs need to have strict testing.

Why is diagnostic testing so important for managing Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, and which tests are commonly used?

Diagnostic testing, such as ELISA and RT-PCR, is crucial for early detection of PRRSV. Regular monitoring of the herd allows for timely implementation of control measures, preventing widespread infection. This proactive approach is vital for maintaining herd health and minimizing economic losses.