DNA strand intertwined with nerves representing fibromyalgia genetics

Unlocking Fibromyalgia: Can Your Genes Hold the Key?

Lena Voss in Health & Wellness November 2025 • 3 min read.

"New research explores the link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms and fibromyalgia, offering potential insights into susceptibility and symptom severity."

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a widespread condition characterized by chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties. While the exact cause of FM remains unclear, researchers increasingly believe that a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and psychological stressors contribute to its development.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein crucial for the survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. It plays a vital role in transmitting pain signals and modulating how the body perceives pain. Altered levels of BDNF have been observed in individuals with FM, suggesting a potential link between BDNF and the condition.

Recent research has focused on exploring the relationship between variations in the BDNF gene (polymorphisms) and FM. A study published in Arthritis Research & Therapy delved into this connection within a Korean population, investigating whether specific BDNF gene polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to FM and the severity of its symptoms.

Decoding the BDNF-Fibromyalgia Connection

DNA strand intertwined with nerves representing fibromyalgia genetics

The study, conducted across multiple medical centers in Korea, involved 409 FM patients and 423 healthy controls. Researchers analyzed the participants' DNA, focusing on ten specific locations within the BDNF gene known to exhibit polymorphisms. Their aim was to determine if the frequency of certain gene variations differed significantly between the FM patients and the control group.

The researchers discovered a significant association between a specific BDNF gene polymorphism (rs11030104) and FM. Individuals with the GG genotype at this location were less likely to have FM, suggesting a protective effect. Conversely, the TT genotype of another BDNF polymorphism (rs12273539) was found to be associated with increased susceptibility to FM. Furthermore, some BDNF haplotypes (combinations of gene variations) appeared to offer protection against the condition.

rs11030104 (GG genotype): Associated with a reduced risk of developing FM.
rs12273539 (TT genotype): Linked to an increased susceptibility to FM.
Specific BDNF haplotypes: Demonstrated a protective effect against FM.

Interestingly, the study also revealed that certain BDNF genotypes were associated with the severity of specific FM symptoms. For example, individuals with the CG genotype of BDNF rs11030102 reported more severe fatigue and anxiety symptoms. This suggests that BDNF gene variations may not only influence the risk of developing FM but also contribute to the manifestation and intensity of its various symptoms.

Looking Ahead: The Future of FM Research

This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between genetics and fibromyalgia. While further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger, more diverse populations, it highlights the potential for using genetic information to better understand FM susceptibility and symptom presentation. This could pave the way for more personalized treatment approaches that target the underlying biological mechanisms driving the condition, potentially improving the lives of millions affected by fibromyalgia. Remember, if you suspect you have fibromyalgia, consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.

About this Article -

This article was crafted using a human-AI hybrid and collaborative approach. AI assisted our team with initial drafting, research insights, identifying key questions, and image generation. Our human editors guided topic selection, defined the angle, structured the content, ensured factual accuracy and relevance, refined the tone, and conducted thorough editing to deliver helpful, high-quality information.See our About page for more information.

Everything You Need To Know

What is fibromyalgia, and what factors are believed to contribute to its development?

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep problems, and cognitive difficulties. Researchers believe that a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and psychological stressors contribute to its development. The role of genes, like the BDNF gene, is an area of active research to understand susceptibility and symptom severity.

What is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and what role does it play in fibromyalgia research?

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein crucial for the survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. It plays a vital role in transmitting pain signals and modulating how the body perceives pain. Altered levels of BDNF have been observed in individuals with fibromyalgia, suggesting a potential link between BDNF and the condition. Variations in the BDNF gene might affect a person's susceptibility and the intensity of their symptoms.

What were the key findings of the study on BDNF gene polymorphisms and fibromyalgia conducted in Korea?

The *Arthritis Research & Therapy* study, conducted in Korea, found that individuals with the GG genotype at the rs11030104 location within the BDNF gene were less likely to have fibromyalgia, indicating a protective effect. Conversely, the TT genotype of the rs12273539 BDNF polymorphism was associated with increased susceptibility to fibromyalgia. Specific combinations of these variations, known as BDNF haplotypes, also showed protective effects. These findings suggest that genetic variations in BDNF may influence the risk of developing fibromyalgia.

Does the variation in the BDNF gene affect the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms?

Yes, the study indicated that specific BDNF genotypes were associated with the severity of particular fibromyalgia symptoms. For instance, individuals with the CG genotype of BDNF rs11030102 reported more severe fatigue and anxiety symptoms. This suggests that variations in the BDNF gene may not only influence the risk of developing fibromyalgia but also contribute to the manifestation and intensity of its various symptoms. The association between BDNF gene variations and symptom severity highlights the potential for personalized treatment approaches targeting the underlying biological mechanisms of fibromyalgia.

What are the implications of these findings for future research and treatment of fibromyalgia?

Further research involving larger, more diverse populations is needed to confirm the findings on BDNF gene polymorphisms and their association with fibromyalgia. Understanding the role of genetics in fibromyalgia could pave the way for more personalized treatment approaches that target the underlying biological mechanisms driving the condition. Additionally, investigating environmental factors and psychological stressors in combination with genetic predispositions might provide a more comprehensive understanding of fibromyalgia development and progression. The goal is to improve the lives of those affected by fibromyalgia through targeted and effective interventions.