The Shifting Sands of Prejudice: Unpacking D.F. Malan's Evolving Views on Jewish Identity in South Africa

Initially, D.F. Malan's policies reflected a restrictive approach to Jewish immigration, particularly concerning those from Eastern Europe. This was primarily motivated by a desire to protect Afrikaner cultural identity and economic interests. He introduced the Quota Act of 1930, which significantly limited immigration from Eastern Europe, home to a large Jewish population. This act, while not explicitly targeting Jews, was perceived as discriminatory and fueled anxieties within the Jewish community. His focus instead was on the character of the eastern European immigrants, many of whom he maintained did not belong to the 'producing classes'.

The rise of Afrikaner nationalism significantly influenced D.F. Malan's views. As the 1930s progressed, his rhetoric became increasingly hostile, echoing the anxieties of a growing Afrikaner nationalist movement. Accusations of economic dominance and cultural incompatibility became commonplace, creating a climate of fear and uncertainty for South African Jews. He warned that if the government did not take the necessary legislative steps to restrict Jewish immigration, he would introduce a Bill that would prevent the entry of what he termed 'unassimilables' and deny Union citizenship to anyone described by law as 'a class which cannot be assimilated'. Malan used the 'Jewish Question' to mobilize support and undermine opponents within the framework of Afrikaner nationalism.

Several factors contributed to D.F. Malan's shift. The horrors of the Holocaust, international pressure after World War II, and a growing recognition of the contributions made by Jewish people to South African society all played a role. By 1947, Malan clarified his position, admitting that while some members of his Party were hostile to Jews, the Party itself was no more anti-Jewish than the United Party, and perhaps even less so. This transformation marks a significant turning point in his views.

Political opportunism was a key factor in D.F. Malan's evolving views. His shifts on the 'Jewish Question' often coincided with political opportunities, using the issue to mobilize support or undermine opponents. While initially employing restrictive policies to appeal to Afrikaner nationalist sentiments, he later softened his stance to align with changing political dynamics and international pressures. This demonstrates how political calculation influenced his approach to the issue.

D.F. Malan's story serves as a reminder of the complexities of prejudice and the ever-changing nature of political ideologies. His initial restrictive policies towards Jewish people stand in stark contrast to his later embrace of non-discrimination. While his transformation may have been driven by a combination of political expediency and genuine remorse, it highlights the importance of challenging prejudice and promoting inclusivity in all spheres of society. His complex legacy underscores the need for ongoing reflection on how political ideologies can be shaped by both internal beliefs and external pressures.