Illustration of brachycephalic dog airway

Snoring and Suffering? New MRI Study Reveals Airway Secrets in Brachycephalic Dogs

Lena Kashyap in Health & Wellness December 2025 • 4 min read.

"Groundbreaking research offers insights into breathing problems in breeds like Pugs and Bulldogs, paving the way for better diagnosis and treatment."

If you're the proud owner of a brachycephalic dog breed—think Pugs, Bulldogs, Shih Tzus—you're likely familiar with their characteristic snorts and snuffles. While often endearing, these sounds can be indicators of a more serious issue: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). This condition affects many short-nosed breeds, leading to breathing difficulties that can significantly impact their quality of life.

BOAS is a complex problem stemming from the unique craniofacial structure of these dogs. Their shortened snouts often result in overcrowded airways, making it harder for them to breathe. Common issues include stenotic nares (narrowed nostrils), elongated soft palates, and tracheal hypoplasia (narrowed windpipe). Understanding the intricacies of these anatomical abnormalities is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Now, a groundbreaking study published in The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science is shedding new light on the airway anatomy of brachycephalic dogs. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), researchers have gained unprecedented insights into the specific structural differences that contribute to BOAS. This research could revolutionize how veterinarians approach the diagnosis and management of this common and often distressing condition.

MRI Scans Uncover Key Differences in Brachycephalic Airways

Illustration of brachycephalic dog airway

The study, led by researchers at Chungbuk National University, used MRI to compare the airway structures of 42 brachycephalic dogs and 85 non-brachycephalic dogs. The goal was to identify specific anatomical differences in the soft palate and nasopharynx that might explain the breathing difficulties seen in short-nosed breeds. By analyzing the MRI scans, the researchers were able to measure various parameters, including:

The study revealed significant differences in several key areas:

Skull Length: Brachycephalic dogs had significantly shorter skulls.
Soft Palate Length and Thickness: The soft palate, the fleshy part at the back of the roof of the mouth, was relatively longer and thicker in brachycephalic dogs.
Nasopharyngeal Airway Size: The nasopharyngeal airway, the passage behind the nose, was significantly smaller in brachycephalic dogs.
Soft Palate and Nasopharynx Volumes: Brachycephalic dogs had a larger soft palate volume and a smaller nasopharynx volume compared to non-brachycephalic dogs.

These findings confirm that the anatomical structure of brachycephalic dogs contributes significantly to their breathing issues. The longer, thicker soft palate and smaller nasopharyngeal airway create an obstruction that makes it harder for these dogs to breathe normally.

What Does This Mean for Your Brachycephalic Dog?

This research is a significant step forward in understanding and addressing the challenges faced by brachycephalic dogs. By providing a clearer picture of the anatomical factors contributing to BOAS, it can help veterinarians make more informed decisions about diagnosis and treatment. If you own a brachycephalic breed, consult with your veterinarian about the best ways to manage their respiratory health. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve their quality of life and help them breathe easier. Remember, a happy, healthy dog starts with understanding their unique needs.

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Everything You Need To Know

What is Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) and which dog breeds are most affected?

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a condition causing breathing difficulties in dogs, particularly those with short snouts. Common breeds affected include Pugs, Bulldogs, and Shih Tzus. Their unique craniofacial structure, with shortened snouts, leads to overcrowded airways, making it harder for them to breathe. The condition is characterized by issues like stenotic nares, elongated soft palates, and tracheal hypoplasia, all contributing to breathing challenges.

How did the MRI study contribute to a better understanding of breathing issues in brachycephalic dogs?

The study used MRI technology to compare airway structures between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs. Researchers measured parameters such as skull length, soft palate length and thickness, and nasopharyngeal airway size. They found that brachycephalic dogs had shorter skulls, longer and thicker soft palates, and smaller nasopharyngeal airways. These findings provided specific anatomical insights that explain the breathing difficulties these dogs experience.

What specific anatomical differences were identified in brachycephalic dogs that contribute to breathing problems?

The MRI study revealed several key differences. Brachycephalic dogs had significantly shorter skulls. The soft palate was longer and thicker compared to non-brachycephalic dogs. Furthermore, the nasopharyngeal airway, the passage behind the nose, was significantly smaller. There was a larger soft palate volume and a smaller nasopharynx volume. These structural differences create obstructions in the airway.

What is the role of the soft palate in BOAS, and how does its structure differ in brachycephalic dogs?

The soft palate, the fleshy part at the back of the roof of the mouth, plays a crucial role in BOAS. In brachycephalic dogs, the soft palate is often elongated and thicker. This elongated and thickened soft palate can obstruct the airway, making it harder for the dog to breathe. The MRI study showed that brachycephalic dogs have a larger soft palate volume, contributing to airway obstruction and breathing difficulties.

How can the findings of this MRI study improve the management and treatment of brachycephalic dogs with BOAS?

The MRI study provides a clearer understanding of the anatomical factors that contribute to BOAS in brachycephalic dogs. By identifying specific structural differences, like the longer, thicker soft palate and smaller nasopharyngeal airway, veterinarians can make more informed decisions about diagnosis and treatment. This knowledge can lead to earlier detection and targeted interventions, such as surgical procedures to correct the anatomical abnormalities, ultimately improving the quality of life for these dogs by helping them breathe easier.