Surreal illustration of successful brain surgery balancing Moyamoya and von Willebrand diseases.

Moyamoya Disease and von Willebrand Disease: A Groundbreaking Surgical Approach

"Discover how surgeons successfully performed a revascularization operation on a patient with both Moyamoya and von Willebrand diseases, paving the way for safer treatments."


Moyamoya disease, characterized by progressive narrowing of the arteries at the base of the brain, often requires revascularization surgery to improve blood flow and prevent strokes. However, when this condition occurs alongside von Willebrand disease (vWD), a genetic bleeding disorder, the risk of hemorrhagic complications skyrockets, presenting a significant challenge for surgeons.

Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a genetic condition that impairs blood clotting due to a deficiency or defect in the von Willebrand factor (vWF). While surgical interventions can be risky for vWD patients, managing vWF levels during the perioperative period has shown promise in mitigating bleeding risks.

Now, a team of surgeons has successfully navigated this complex scenario, performing a revascularization operation on a patient with both Moyamoya and vWD. This article delves into their groundbreaking approach, offering insights into how they managed the increased risk and achieved a positive outcome.

Overcoming the Odds: A Surgical Success Story

Surreal illustration of successful brain surgery balancing Moyamoya and von Willebrand diseases.

In a notable case, surgeons performed a left superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass, combined with encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS), on a 35-year-old woman with both Moyamoya disease and type 1 vWD. The key to their success was meticulous management of the patient's vWF levels.

During the perioperative period, the surgeons replaced the compounding agent consisting of vWF and blood coagulation Factor VIII (FVIII). Recognizing a drop in vWF activity to 20%, they administered 1500 IU of the vWF/FVIII compound preoperatively and daily thereafter.

  • Careful vWF Management: Maintaining adequate vWF levels is crucial in preventing hemorrhagic complications in vWD patients undergoing surgery.
  • Desmopressin Alternative: The European Haemophilia Therapy Strategy Board suggests using a vWF/FVIII compound over desmopressin for patients with ischemic heart disease, stroke, or related conditions.
  • Individualized Approach: Monitoring vWF and FVIII levels is essential to prevent both bleeding and thrombotic events.
The patient showed an uneventful clinical course and was discharged on postoperative day 17. An angiogram six months postoperatively showed good patency of the STA-MCA bypass and angiogenesis around the anastomosed section through the temporalis muscle. This highlights the importance of a carefully tailored approach to manage vWF levels in patients with concurrent Moyamoya and von Willebrand diseases.

Paving the Way for Safer Neurosurgery

This case marks a significant step forward in the treatment of Moyamoya disease in patients with concurrent vWD. By demonstrating the feasibility and success of carefully managed revascularization surgery, it offers hope for improved outcomes and reduced risks for this complex patient population.

The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive perioperative strategy that includes close monitoring and replacement of vWF, tailored to the individual patient's needs and circumstances. This approach can minimize the risk of bleeding complications and enable successful surgical interventions.

While further research is needed to refine and optimize these strategies, this pioneering case provides a valuable framework for future neurosurgical interventions in patients with both Moyamoya and von Willebrand diseases, paving the way for safer and more effective treatments.

About this Article -

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This article is based on research published under:

DOI-LINK: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.08.141, Alternate LINK

Title: Revascularization Operation For Moyamoya Disease With Concurrent Von Willebrand Disease

Subject: Neurology (clinical)

Journal: World Neurosurgery

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Authors: Kenji Miki, Koichi Arimura, Ataru Nishimura, Koji Yoshimoto, Tetsuro Sayama, Koji Iihara

Published: 2017-12-01

Everything You Need To Know

1

What is Moyamoya disease, and why is it significant in this situation?

Moyamoya disease is characterized by the progressive narrowing of the arteries at the base of the brain. This narrowing restricts blood flow and can lead to strokes. The significance of Moyamoya disease in this context is that it necessitates revascularization surgery to restore adequate blood supply to the brain. Without this surgery, patients face a high risk of severe neurological complications.

2

What is von Willebrand disease (vWD), and why is it a challenge in the context of this surgery?

Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or defect in the von Willebrand factor (vWF). vWF is crucial for blood clotting. In the context of the surgery, vWD presents a major challenge because it increases the risk of excessive bleeding during and after the revascularization procedure. The implications of vWD include potentially life-threatening hemorrhagic complications, making careful management of vWF levels essential for a successful surgical outcome.

3

What specific surgical procedure was performed, and why was it important in this case?

The surgical procedure involved a left superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass, combined with encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS). This revascularization surgery was performed on a patient with both Moyamoya disease and type 1 vWD. The STA-MCA bypass reroutes blood flow to the brain, while EMS promotes new blood vessel growth. The importance of this surgery is that it successfully restored blood flow in a patient with significant bleeding risks, representing a groundbreaking approach for similar cases.

4

How did the surgeons manage the patient's von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels?

The surgeons meticulously managed the patient's von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels throughout the perioperative period. They administered a vWF/FVIII compound to maintain adequate vWF levels, especially after observing a drop in vWF activity. The implications of managing vWF levels include the prevention of hemorrhagic complications and ensuring the success of the revascularization surgery. Careful monitoring and timely intervention with the vWF/FVIII compound were key to the patient's uneventful recovery.

5

What is the overall significance of this successful surgical outcome?

The successful revascularization surgery highlights the importance of a tailored approach to manage von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels in patients with both Moyamoya disease and von Willebrand disease. This groundbreaking approach offers hope for improved outcomes and reduced risks for this complex patient population. It paves the way for safer neurosurgery by demonstrating the feasibility of performing revascularization surgery while effectively managing bleeding risks associated with vWD. This could lead to better treatment options and outcomes for similar cases in the future.

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