Fractured hip mended by clocks

Hip Fracture Recovery: Timing is Everything for Blood Thinners

"Discover how starting blood thinners before or after surgery impacts recovery for hip fracture patients. Are you making the right choice?"


When it comes to hip fractures, especially in older adults, the stakes are high. These injuries can lead to serious complications, and doctors often prescribe blood thinners, specifically low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), to prevent dangerous blood clots after surgery. But here's the critical question: is it better to start these blood thinners before or after the operation?

This timing dilemma isn't just academic; it directly impacts patient outcomes. Starting LMWH too early could increase the risk of bleeding during surgery, while starting it too late might leave patients vulnerable to life-threatening clots. Orthopedic surgeons have debated this for years, and practices vary widely.

Now, a large-scale study from the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register offers some much-needed clarity. Researchers analyzed data from over 45,000 hip fracture patients to determine whether starting LMWH before or after surgery leads to better results. This article will break down their findings, helping you understand the potential risks and benefits of each approach so you can be better informed.

The Big Question: Pre-Op vs. Post-Op Blood Thinners?

Fractured hip mended by clocks

The core of this research revolves around a simple yet crucial decision: when should LMWH be administered to patients undergoing surgery (osteosynthesis) for a hip fracture? To answer this, researchers dove into the data collected by the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR) between 2005 and 2016. The NHFR is a comprehensive database that tracks hip fracture cases across Norway, providing a rich source of information for analysis.

The team focused on several key outcomes to see how the timing of LMWH affected patients:

  • Mortality rates within 6 months of surgery
  • Risk of needing a second operation (reoperation)
  • Whether bleeding complications occurred during the initial surgery
After crunching the numbers and adjusting for factors like age, sex, and overall health of the patients, here's what they discovered: Starting LMWH after surgery didn't change the risk of mortality or reoperation. However, it did seem to lower the risk of bleeding during the operation itself. In particular, using a 'hip compression screw' during the operation meant the bleeding risk decreased if LMWH started post-operatively. For fractures tackled via screws and intramedullary nails, a post-op LMWH start didn't change bleeding risk.

The Takeaway: Tailoring Blood Thinner Timing

So, what does this mean for hip fracture patients and their families? The study suggests that there isn't a one-size-fits-all answer when it comes to the timing of LMWH. While starting blood thinners post-op may reduce bleeding risk, it doesn't significantly impact survival or the need for further surgeries.

However, the type of surgery matters, as the data suggests that post-operative LMWH leads to decreased bleeding after operations with hip compression screw. Patients who undergo time-consuming intramedullary nailing should start LMWH before surgery to reduce chances of reoperation.

Ultimately, the decision of when to start LMWH should be made in consultation with the orthopedic surgeon, taking into account the individual patient's risk factors, the type of fracture, and the planned surgical procedure. While the research provides valuable guidance, personalized care remains paramount.

About this Article -

This article was crafted using a human-AI hybrid and collaborative approach. AI assisted our team with initial drafting, research insights, identifying key questions, and image generation. Our human editors guided topic selection, defined the angle, structured the content, ensured factual accuracy and relevance, refined the tone, and conducted thorough editing to deliver helpful, high-quality information.See our About page for more information.

This article is based on research published under:

DOI-LINK: 10.1080/17453674.2018.1519101, Alternate LINK

Title: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin For Hip Fracture Patients Treated With Osteosynthesis: Should Thromboprophylaxis Start Before Or After Surgery? An Observational Study Of 45,913 Hip Fractures Reported To The Norwegian Hip Fracture Register

Subject: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Journal: Acta Orthopaedica

Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB

Authors: Sunniva Leer-Salvesen, Eva Dybvik, Lars B Engesaeter, Ola E Dahl, Jan-Erik Gjertsen

Published: 2018-10-17

Everything You Need To Know

1

What does research say about the impact of starting blood thinners after hip fracture surgery?

The research from the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register indicates that beginning low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) after surgery, specifically osteosynthesis, does not alter the risk of mortality or reoperation. However, it can lower the risk of bleeding during the operation, especially when a hip compression screw is utilized. It's important to note that for fractures addressed with screws and intramedullary nails, starting LMWH post-operatively did not change the bleeding risk.

2

Why is low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) used for hip fracture patients, and what's the concern about when to start it?

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is administered to hip fracture patients to prevent the formation of dangerous blood clots following surgery, specifically osteosynthesis. The timing of when to start LMWH—either before or after the operation—is crucial. Initiating LMWH too early may elevate the risk of bleeding during surgery, whereas delaying its start could leave patients vulnerable to life-threatening clots.

3

What is the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register, and how was it used in this research?

The Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR) is a comprehensive database in Norway that tracks hip fracture cases. Researchers analyzed data from over 45,000 hip fracture patients within the NHFR from 2005 to 2016 to determine whether starting low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) before or after surgery (osteosynthesis) leads to better outcomes.

4

What specific outcomes were examined in the study to determine the best timing for blood thinner administration in hip fracture patients?

The study primarily focused on mortality rates within 6 months of surgery, the risk of needing a second operation (reoperation), and whether bleeding complications occurred during the initial surgery (osteosynthesis). These outcomes were analyzed in relation to the timing of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) administration.

5

Based on this research, how should doctors decide when to start blood thinners for hip fracture patients undergoing surgery?

The decision to administer low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) before or after surgery (osteosynthesis) should be tailored to each patient's specific situation. Starting LMWH post-operatively may reduce bleeding risk, particularly when using a hip compression screw, but it doesn't significantly impact survival or the need for further surgeries. This highlights the need for a nuanced approach considering factors such as the type of fracture and surgical technique used.

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