Cultural divide and adaptation: A symbolic representation of Somali migrants navigating between tradition and modernity.

Genital Cutting: How Migration Reshapes Somali Views on Circumcision

"Exploring the shifting perceptions of female and male circumcision among Swedish Somalis after migrating from Somalia."


In societies where female circumcision (FC) exists, male circumcision (MC) is also typically practiced. However, in Euro-American cultures, a distinction has emerged: FC is often banned, while MC is condoned or even encouraged. This creates a unique situation for migrants coming from countries where both practices are common. How do their views evolve when they move to a new cultural context?

A recent study explores the perceptions of Somali migrants in Sweden regarding FC and MC. The research considers that Somalis once lived in a society where both practices were widely accepted, but now reside in a country with a legal ban on FC and acceptance of MC. This transition raises crucial questions about how cultural and religious beliefs adapt to new environments and legal frameworks.

This article will unpack the key findings of this study, examining how Somalis in Sweden navigate these complex issues, the factors that influence their evolving views, and the implications for cultural understanding and healthcare practices. We'll explore the renegotiation of values, the impact of Swedish society, and the significance of these shifts for the Somali community.

The Core Values: Continuity and Change

Cultural divide and adaptation: A symbolic representation of Somali migrants navigating between tradition and modernity.

The study involved in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with Somali men and women in three Swedish cities. The findings revealed a fascinating interplay of continuity and change in their core values. The values of being a good Muslim, avoiding harm, and upholding respectability remained central. However, the way these values were applied to FC and MC underwent a significant transformation.

Before migrating, both FC and MC were often seen as analogous practices rooted in religious and cultural traditions. Migration, however, introduced a conceptual split. MC was largely viewed as an unquestionable religious requirement, while FC became a practice that could be adapted or even abandoned. Several factors contributed to this shift:

  • Integration into Swedish Society: Exposure to Swedish norms and values played a significant role. The legal ban on FC, coupled with discussions about women's rights and bodily autonomy, led many Somalis to question the practice.
  • Influence of Other Muslim Groups: Interactions with other Muslim communities in Sweden, some of whom do not practice FC, also influenced perceptions. This sometimes led to Somalis feeling scrutinized or "looked down upon" for continuing the practice.
  • Perceptions of Harm: A growing awareness of the potential health risks associated with FC, contrasted with the perception of MC as relatively harmless (or even beneficial), further solidified the divergence in views.
While MC was often framed as a minor procedure with minimal impact, FC was increasingly associated with potential harm and complications. This distinction played a key role in the renegotiation of values and the conceptual split between the two practices. A man said, being able to (legally) have MC performed in a Swedish hospital was valued, and this legality of MC was seen by some as a sign that it could not be harmful.

Navigating Tradition and Modernity

The study underscores the dynamic nature of cultural and religious beliefs in the context of migration. As Somalis navigate their identities in a new cultural landscape, they actively renegotiate their values and adapt their practices. This process involves complex considerations of religious obligation, health concerns, and social integration.

The findings highlight the importance of understanding the nuances within migrant communities. While some Somalis reinforce traditional views on MC, others actively question and challenge practices like FC. These diverse perspectives reflect the ongoing negotiation between "old" and "new" cultures.

Ultimately, this research provides valuable insights into the evolving perceptions of genital cutting among Somali migrants in Sweden. By understanding the factors that influence these shifts, we can promote more effective and culturally sensitive healthcare practices, fostering open dialogue and supporting the well-being of migrant communities.

About this Article -

This article was crafted using a human-AI hybrid and collaborative approach. AI assisted our team with initial drafting, research insights, identifying key questions, and image generation. Our human editors guided topic selection, defined the angle, structured the content, ensured factual accuracy and relevance, refined the tone, and conducted thorough editing to deliver helpful, high-quality information.See our About page for more information.

This article is based on research published under:

DOI-LINK: 10.1080/13691058.2018.1502472, Alternate LINK

Title: From Sameness To Difference: Swedish Somalis’ Post-Migration Perceptions Of The Circumcision Of Girls And Boys

Subject: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Journal: Culture, Health & Sexuality

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Authors: Anna Wahlberg, Birgitta Essén, Sara Johnsdotter

Published: 2018-11-09

Everything You Need To Know

1

How did the views of Swedish Somalis on Female Circumcision (FC) and Male Circumcision (MC) change after migrating to Sweden?

The study highlights that after migration, the views of Swedish Somalis on Female Circumcision (FC) and Male Circumcision (MC) underwent a significant transformation. Before migration, both practices were generally viewed similarly, rooted in religious and cultural traditions. However, migration introduced a conceptual split where MC was largely seen as a non-negotiable religious requirement, while FC became a practice that could be adapted or abandoned. This shift reflects how cultural and religious beliefs can be re-evaluated in a new environment.

2

What factors influenced the shift in perceptions regarding Female Circumcision (FC) and Male Circumcision (MC) among Swedish Somalis?

Several factors influenced the shift in views on Female Circumcision (FC) and Male Circumcision (MC) among Swedish Somalis. Integration into Swedish society, exposure to Swedish norms, and legal frameworks that ban FC played a role. Interactions with other Muslim groups who do not practice FC also influenced perceptions. Furthermore, a growing awareness of the potential health risks associated with FC, contrasted with the perception of MC as relatively harmless, contributed to the divergence in views. These factors collectively led to a renegotiation of values surrounding both practices.

3

Why is the difference in perception between Male Circumcision (MC) and Female Circumcision (FC) significant after migration?

The difference in how Male Circumcision (MC) and Female Circumcision (FC) were perceived after migration is significant because it highlights the dynamic interplay between cultural traditions and modern values. MC was often viewed as a minor procedure with minimal impact and its legality in Swedish hospitals was a factor, while FC was increasingly associated with potential harm and complications. This distinction allowed for a re-evaluation of traditional practices within the context of a new cultural environment, influencing how Somali migrants in Sweden negotiate their identities and adapt their practices.

4

What does the study reveal about the negotiation of cultural and religious beliefs among Swedish Somalis?

The study underscores the dynamic nature of cultural and religious beliefs in the context of migration for Swedish Somalis. They actively renegotiate their values and adapt their practices as they navigate their identities in a new cultural landscape. This process involves complex considerations of religious obligation, health concerns, and social integration. This adaptability is crucial for the Somali community's well-being and successful integration into Swedish society.

5

What are the implications of the legal ban on Female Circumcision (FC) in Sweden for the Somali community?

The legal ban on Female Circumcision (FC) in Sweden has significant implications for the Somali community. It directly challenges traditional practices and forces migrants to reconsider their beliefs in relation to the new legal framework. The legality of Male Circumcision (MC) and its availability in hospitals reinforces the perception of it as a less harmful practice, further highlighting the distinction between the two procedures. This legal context influences the renegotiation of values and the adoption of new practices by the Somali community in Sweden, shaping their cultural and religious landscape.

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