Ethical Reflections: A Finnish Nurse's Perspective

Finnish Nurses Speak Out: Decoding Attitudes on Euthanasia's Toughest Dilemma

Samir D’Costa in Health & Wellness November 2025 • 5 min read.

"Explore the complex perspectives of Finnish nurses on euthanasia, challenging norms and sparking critical conversations in healthcare."

Euthanasia, a term derived from the Greek words "eu" (good) and "thanatos" (death), remains one of the most intensely debated issues in modern healthcare. At its core, euthanasia refers to the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering. While the concept appears simple, the ethical, moral, and legal implications are vast and intricate. The conversation surrounding euthanasia involves a complex interplay of patient autonomy, professional ethics, societal values, and legal frameworks.

Nurses, often at the front lines of patient care, play a crucial role in the euthanasia process. Their continuous presence and close relationships with patients make them key observers and participants. Yet, their voices are frequently overshadowed in broader discussions, with the legal and ethical spotlight often shining on physicians and policymakers. This oversight is particularly striking given that nurses are responsible for direct patient care, emotional support, and practical implementation in end-of-life situations.

A groundbreaking study has explored the perspectives of Finnish nurses on euthanasia. Finland, where euthanasia is not currently legal, offers a unique backdrop for understanding these viewpoints. The study, conducted by Terkamo-Moisio, Gastmans, Ryynänen, and Pietilä, delves into the attitudes of Finnish nurses toward their potential roles in the euthanasia process, revealing significant insights that challenge existing norms and highlight the need for greater inclusivity in end-of-life care discussions.

What Shapes Finnish Nurses' Attitudes Toward Euthanasia?

Ethical Reflections: A Finnish Nurse's Perspective

The research, involving over 1,000 nurses in Finland, reveals several key findings about their attitudes toward euthanasia. A significant majority (85.2%) of nurses believe that their perspective should be considered in decision-making related to euthanasia. Moreover, nearly 75% expressed a willingness to participate in the euthanasia process if it were legal, and over 88% agreed that a nurse should be present when euthanasia is performed at the patient's request. These figures underscore the significant role nurses envision for themselves in end-of-life care.

These attitudes are not uniform, however. The study identified several factors that influence nurses' views, including age, religiosity, and educational level. For instance, older nurses were generally less inclined to support active participation in decision-making, while religious nurses expressed greater reservations about handling euthanatics and participating in the process. Educational level also played a role, with more educated nurses showing greater support for various aspects of euthanasia-related tasks.

Age: Older nurses showed less support for active participation in euthanasia decisions.
Religiosity: Religious nurses had more reservations about handling medications and participating in procedures.
Education: More educated nurses were generally more supportive of euthanasia-related tasks.

The study also explores the nuances of nurses' willingness to participate in specific tasks. While many nurses are open to being present during euthanasia and assisting with preparatory tasks, a minority (32.9%) felt that participation should be obligatory based on their profession. This reluctance highlights a crucial ethical consideration: the right to conscientious objection. Nurses, like all healthcare professionals, have personal values and beliefs that may conflict with euthanasia. Forcing them to participate against their will can lead to moral distress and compromise patient care.

Why These Findings Matter: The Future of Euthanasia Discussions

The insights from this study are particularly relevant as societies grapple with evolving perspectives on end-of-life care. In countries where euthanasia is legal, understanding nurses' attitudes can inform policy development and ensure that their voices are heard in decision-making processes. In places where euthanasia remains illegal, these findings can spark crucial conversations about patient autonomy, professional ethics, and the role of healthcare providers in end-of-life situations. The Finnish study underscores the importance of creating supportive environments where nurses feel empowered to express their views and exercise their right to conscientious objection. By fostering open dialogue and mutual respect, healthcare systems can navigate the complexities of euthanasia in a way that honors both patient wishes and professional integrity.

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This article is based on research published under:

DOI-LINK: 10.1177/0969733017720850, Alternate LINK

Title: Finnish Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Their Role In The Euthanasia Process

Subject: Issues, ethics and legal aspects

Journal: Nursing Ethics

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Authors: Anja Terkamo-Moisio, Chris Gastmans, Olli-Pekka Ryynänen, Anna-Maija Pietilä

Published: 2017-08-17

Everything You Need To Know

What is the basic definition of euthanasia, and why is it such a complex issue?

Euthanasia, derived from the Greek words "eu" (good) and "thanatos" (death), refers to intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering. Its complexity arises from a web of ethical, moral, and legal implications. These include considerations of patient autonomy, professional ethics, societal values, and the prevailing legal frameworks. The interplay of these factors makes any discussion about euthanasia multifaceted and deeply sensitive.

What role do Finnish nurses see for themselves in the euthanasia process, according to the study?

According to the study conducted by Terkamo-Moisio, Gastmans, Ryynänen, and Pietilä, Finnish nurses see themselves playing a significant role. The study indicates that a substantial majority (85.2%) believe their perspectives should be included in euthanasia-related decision-making. Furthermore, nearly 75% expressed a willingness to participate if it were legal, and over 88% believe a nurse should be present during the procedure. These figures highlight the crucial role nurses envision for themselves in end-of-life care.

How do factors like age, religiosity, and education impact the attitudes of Finnish nurses toward euthanasia?

The research reveals that these factors significantly shape Finnish nurses' views. Older nurses generally showed less support for active involvement in euthanasia decisions. Religious nurses expressed greater reservations about handling medications and participating in procedures. Conversely, higher education correlated with greater support for various aspects of euthanasia-related tasks. These findings highlight the diversity of perspectives and the need to consider individual beliefs and backgrounds.

What is the significance of 'conscientious objection' in the context of nurses and euthanasia?

Conscientious objection is a crucial ethical consideration. The study revealed that while many Finnish nurses are open to assisting with euthanasia, some do not believe that participation should be obligatory. Nurses, like all healthcare professionals, have personal values and beliefs that may conflict with euthanasia. Forcing them to participate against their will could lead to moral distress and compromise patient care, which is why the right to conscientious objection is vital in ensuring their professional integrity and well-being.

Why are the perspectives of Finnish nurses on euthanasia important, even in a country where it is not legal?

The insights from the study are relevant as societies grapple with evolving perspectives on end-of-life care. In countries where euthanasia is not legal, such as Finland, these findings spark crucial conversations about patient autonomy, professional ethics, and the role of healthcare providers in end-of-life situations. These discussions can influence the development of future policies and ensure that nurses' voices are considered. The study underscores the importance of creating supportive environments where nurses can express their views and exercise their right to conscientious objection, fostering open dialogue, and honoring both patient wishes and professional integrity.