Surreal illustration of a foot turning into tree roots, symbolizing the risks of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Diabetes Meds and Limb Loss: What You Need to Know About SGLT2 Inhibitors

Theo Raines in Health & Wellness November 2025 • 3 min read.

"A new study highlights the increased risk of lower limb amputation associated with SGLT2 inhibitors. Understand the risks and make informed health decisions."

For individuals managing type 2 diabetes, maintaining stable blood sugar levels often involves medication. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have become increasingly popular for their effectiveness in controlling blood sugar. However, a recent study published in The BMJ raises concerns about a potential serious side effect: an increased risk of lower limb amputation.

This article delves into the findings of this important study, explains what SGLT2 inhibitors are and how they work, and provides essential information for anyone taking or considering these medications. We aim to provide a clear, accessible overview to help you make informed decisions about your health.

The findings are particularly relevant to a broad audience, especially those either managing diabetes themselves or supporting loved ones through it. The insights are geared to provide a more consumer-friendly overview of research and its implications.

What are SGLT2 Inhibitors and How Do They Work?

Surreal illustration of a foot turning into tree roots, symbolizing the risks of SGLT2 inhibitors.

SGLT2 inhibitors are a class of prescription medicines used to lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. They work by preventing the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into the blood. Instead, the excess glucose is excreted in the urine, which helps to lower overall blood sugar levels.

Commonly prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors include:

Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Ertugliflozin (Steglatro)

These medications are often prescribed alongside diet and exercise to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. While effective, it’s important to be aware of the potential risks associated with their use.

Making Informed Decisions About Your Diabetes Treatment

If you are currently taking an SGLT2 inhibitor, it is crucial to have an open and honest conversation with your doctor. Discuss the potential risks and benefits of continuing the medication, and explore alternative treatment options if necessary. Don't stop taking any medication without consulting your healthcare provider first. Regular foot exams and proactive management of any foot issues are also vital for those taking SGLT2 inhibitors.

About this Article -

This article was crafted using a human-AI hybrid and collaborative approach. AI assisted our team with initial drafting, research insights, identifying key questions, and image generation. Our human editors guided topic selection, defined the angle, structured the content, ensured factual accuracy and relevance, refined the tone, and conducted thorough editing to deliver helpful, high-quality information.See our About page for more information.

Everything You Need To Know

What are SGLT2 inhibitors, and how do they affect blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes?

SGLT2 inhibitors are prescription medicines designed to lower blood sugar in adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. They function by inhibiting the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into the bloodstream. Instead, the excess glucose is eliminated through urine, which helps in reducing overall blood sugar levels. Common examples of SGLT2 inhibitors include Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance), and Ertugliflozin (Steglatro).

What specific risks are associated with SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly concerning lower limb amputation?

Recent research, such as that published in *The BMJ*, has highlighted a potential association between the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and an increased risk of lower limb amputation. While SGLT2 inhibitors like Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance), and Ertugliflozin (Steglatro) are effective at controlling blood sugar, it is vital to understand and discuss these potential risks with your healthcare provider. The study indicates a statistically significant correlation, although further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to this increased risk.

If I am taking an SGLT2 inhibitor, what steps should I take to protect my health and manage potential risks?

If you are currently prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor such as Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance), or Ertugliflozin (Steglatro), it is important to maintain open communication with your doctor. Discuss both the benefits and potential risks associated with the medication, and explore alternative treatments if necessary. Do not discontinue any medication without professional medical advice. Regular foot examinations and proactive management of any foot-related issues are also crucial.

Beyond blood sugar control, are there other health implications or side effects linked to SGLT2 inhibitors that I should be aware of?

Besides the risk of lower limb amputation, SGLT2 inhibitors like Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance), and Ertugliflozin (Steglatro) can have other side effects. Some patients may experience urinary tract infections or yeast infections due to the increased glucose in the urine. Additionally, there is a risk of dehydration and ketoacidosis, a serious condition where the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. It's important to discuss all potential side effects and health implications with your doctor to make an informed decision.

What alternatives to SGLT2 inhibitors are available for managing type 2 diabetes, and how do they compare in terms of effectiveness and risks?

There are several alternatives to SGLT2 inhibitors such as Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance), and Ertugliflozin (Steglatro) for managing type 2 diabetes. These include Metformin, Sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and insulin. Metformin is often the first-line treatment due to its effectiveness and safety profile. Sulfonylureas can effectively lower blood sugar but may carry a higher risk of hypoglycemia. DPP-4 inhibitors are generally well-tolerated but might not be as potent as other options. GLP-1 receptor agonists offer the benefit of weight loss but are administered via injection. Insulin is highly effective but requires careful monitoring to avoid hypoglycemia. The choice of medication should be personalized based on individual health profiles and in consultation with a healthcare provider.