Illustration of brain with narrowed arteries impacting cognitive processes.

Brain Blood Flow: How Artery Stenosis Affects Your Memory and Cognition

"New research reveals the link between reduced blood flow in the brain and cognitive decline, offering insights into early detection and potential interventions."


As we age, changes in cognitive function are often expected. However, what if these changes are accelerated by something more than just the passage of time? Recent research sheds light on the connection between reduced blood flow in the brain, caused by a condition called vertebra-basilar stenosis, and cognitive impairment. This condition, characterized by the narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the brain, can have significant effects on memory, attention, and overall cognitive abilities.

While the impact of carotid artery stenosis (narrowing of arteries in the neck) on cognitive impairment has been well-documented, the effects of vertebra-basilar stenosis, which affects the posterior circulation of the brain, have remained less clear. The posterior circulation supplies blood to critical areas including the brainstem, cerebellum, and parts of the cerebrum involved in memory and spatial orientation. Understanding how reduced blood flow in this area affects cognition is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention.

This article explores the findings of a recent study investigating the relationship between vertebra-basilar stenosis, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function. By examining the cognitive performance and brain perfusion of patients with this condition, we aim to provide insights into the potential risks and offer a better understanding of how to protect your cognitive health.

The Link Between Blood Flow and Brain Function

Illustration of brain with narrowed arteries impacting cognitive processes.

The study, published in Frontiers in Psychiatry, involved 96 patients with severe vertebra-basilar stenosis. Researchers used computed tomography perfusion (CTP) to assess blood flow in the brain and divided participants into three groups based on their CTP results: a normal perfusion group, a compensated group (where the brain was partially compensating for reduced flow), and a decompensated group (where the brain could no longer compensate). Cognitive function was evaluated using standardized tests including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).

The results revealed a clear pattern: patients in the decompensated group, with the most severely reduced blood flow, performed significantly worse on cognitive tests. Specifically, they showed:

  • Lower MMSE and FAB scores: Indicating impairment in overall cognitive function and executive abilities (planning, decision-making).
  • Reduced RBANS scores: Demonstrating deficits in immediate memory, visual-spatial skills, and delayed memory.
  • Compensated Group Deficits: The compensated group also showed reduced scores in several RBANS domains compared to the normal group, highlighting that even partial reductions in blood flow can impact cognitive performance.
Further analysis identified several independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with vertebra-basilar stenosis: CTP compensation and decompensation, severe VB tandem stenosis (narrowing in multiple locations), and multiple infarctions (small strokes).

Protecting Your Cognitive Health: What You Need to Know

The study underscores the importance of adequate blood flow for maintaining cognitive function. Conditions like vertebra-basilar stenosis can lead to reduced blood flow, impacting memory, attention, and executive functions. These findings highlight the need for early detection and management of vascular risk factors.

While this study sheds light on the connection between posterior circulation issues and cognition, it also has some limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the RBANS assessment was performed by a single reviewer. Further research with larger groups and more comprehensive assessments is needed to confirm these findings and explore potential interventions.

If you are concerned about your cognitive health or have risk factors for vascular disease, talk to your doctor. They can assess your individual risk and recommend appropriate screening and management strategies to help protect your brain health.

About this Article -

This article was crafted using a human-AI hybrid and collaborative approach. AI assisted our team with initial drafting, research insights, identifying key questions, and image generation. Our human editors guided topic selection, defined the angle, structured the content, ensured factual accuracy and relevance, refined the tone, and conducted thorough editing to deliver helpful, high-quality information.See our About page for more information.

This article is based on research published under:

DOI-LINK: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00455, Alternate LINK

Title: Association Between Cerebral Hypoperfusion And Cognitive Impairment In Patients With Chronic Vertebra-Basilar Stenosis

Subject: Psychiatry and Mental health

Journal: Frontiers in Psychiatry

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Authors: Yiming Deng, Luyao Wang, Xuan Sun, Lian Liu, Meifang Zhu, Chunxue Wang, Binbin Sui, Mi Shen, Weibin Gu, Dapeng Mo, Ning Ma, Ligang Song, Xiaoqing Li, Xiaochuan Huo, Zhongrong Miao, Duanduan Chen, Feng Gao

Published: 2018-09-26

Everything You Need To Know

1

What is vertebra-basilar stenosis and why is it important?

Vertebra-basilar stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the brain. This narrowing restricts blood flow, which can lead to cognitive impairment. It's significant because it affects the posterior circulation of the brain, which supplies critical areas like the brainstem, cerebellum, and parts of the cerebrum involved in memory and spatial orientation. The implications are that reduced blood flow can directly impact cognitive abilities, potentially accelerating cognitive decline. Early detection and management are crucial to mitigate these effects.

2

What are the critical functions of the posterior circulation of the brain, and why is it significant?

The posterior circulation of the brain supplies blood to the brainstem, cerebellum, and parts of the cerebrum. The brainstem controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum plays a key role in motor control and coordination. The cerebrum is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions including memory and spatial orientation. Understanding the posterior circulation's function is crucial because it highlights the specific brain regions most vulnerable to the effects of reduced blood flow caused by conditions like vertebra-basilar stenosis.

3

What is computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and how is it used in the context of the study?

Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is a medical imaging technique used to assess blood flow in the brain. In the context of vertebra-basilar stenosis, CTP was used to evaluate the extent of reduced blood flow. The participants were divided into three groups based on their CTP results: normal perfusion, compensated (where the brain was partially compensating for reduced flow), and decompensated (where the brain could no longer compensate). This method is significant as it helps in understanding the impact of varying degrees of reduced blood flow on cognitive performance and identifying risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with vertebra-basilar stenosis.

4

What are the MMSE, FAB, and RBANS, and what did the study reveal about their results?

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) are standardized cognitive tests. These tests were used to evaluate the cognitive function of patients with vertebra-basilar stenosis. The MMSE assesses overall cognitive function, while the FAB evaluates executive abilities such as planning and decision-making. The RBANS assesses immediate memory, visual-spatial skills, and delayed memory. The study showed that those with the most severely reduced blood flow (decompensated group) performed significantly worse on these tests, revealing deficits in overall cognitive function, executive abilities, and memory, highlighting the impact of reduced blood flow on cognitive health.

5

What are the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with vertebra-basilar stenosis?

Independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with vertebra-basilar stenosis include CTP compensation and decompensation (the brain's ability to maintain blood flow), severe VB tandem stenosis (narrowing in multiple locations), and multiple infarctions (small strokes). The presence of decompensation, severe stenosis in multiple locations, and multiple infarctions increases the likelihood of cognitive decline. Recognizing these risk factors allows for early intervention and management of vascular health, potentially slowing the progression of cognitive impairment caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.

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