Collaborative bridge-building in Africa, symbolizing conflict resolution and development.

Tanzania's Conflict Cure: How Local Governments Can Turn Discord into Development

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Mira Elwood in Politics & Policy April 2025 • 4 min read.

"Uncover the strategies Tanzanian municipal councils use to manage conflicts, and how these methods can foster growth instead of hindering it."


Conflict is a natural part of any workplace, especially in local government. When managed poorly, it can disrupt everything. But what if these disagreements could be turned into a force for positive change? In Tanzania, local government authorities are exploring ways to do just that.

A recent study focuses on how conflicts are handled in Tanzania's local government, particularly in the Bukoba Municipal Council. This council provides valuable insights into how conflicts between councilors and employees are not only resolved but also leveraged for better organizational outcomes.

The research dives deep into the types of conflicts, their root causes, and the strategies employed to manage them. It also looks at the positive impacts that arise when these conflicts are effectively addressed.

Decoding Conflict in Bukoba Municipal Council

Collaborative bridge-building in Africa, symbolizing conflict resolution and development.

The study identifies several types of conflicts within the Bukoba Municipal Council, each with its own set of challenges. These include:

One major conflict arises between councilors and employees. Councilors, who are decision-makers, often clash with the technical advice provided by employees (Heads of Departments and Units). This usually occurs when the advice doesn't align with the councilors’ personal interests. For example, councilors might push to reallocate funds from planned projects to new ones, or want to use donor funds for unapproved allowances and activities. This leads to friction, especially when employees point out that such actions violate budget guidelines or donor directives.
  • Conflicts between councilors and employees due to differing priorities and understanding of budget and project guidelines.
  • Conflicts between councilors from opposition parties and the ruling party, especially during fund allocation for development projects.
  • Conflicts between elected (ward) councilors and special seat councilors, often concerning leadership positions in standing committees.
  • Internal conflicts among employees themselves.
Another conflict occurs between councilors from opposition parties and those from the ruling party. This often surfaces during the allocation of funds for development projects, with councilors from the ruling party sometimes hesitant to allocate funds to wards represented by opposition councilors. This is driven by concerns that such allocations might boost the opposition's popularity.

Turning Conflict into a Catalyst for Growth

To transform conflict into a positive force, the study suggests promoting transparency and accountability in all council operations. Regular meetings can help identify and address potential problems early on, preventing them from escalating. Clear communication about financial matters, such as the allocation and expenditure of council funds, can also reduce misunderstandings and conflicts.

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